Best Crypto Casinos in 2026: Spartans, JACKBIT, Lucky Rebel, and BitStarz Redefined Online Sports Betting

From our top 10 casinos for bonuses, we’ve ranked the five with the highest Trustpilot ratings. The welcome offer of 100 free spins on Big Bass Splash when you bet £20 has no wagering requirements, meaning any winnings are yours to keep. However, at NetBet you can get both free spins no deposit and free spins no wagering offers. 50% bonus and daily picks. There’s also a hold and win feature where 3 respins become available when landing 6 or more coin symbols. WSM Casino frequently hosts them, with some prizes reaching up to $750,000 or its equivalent in BTC. Like Ladbrokes, they offer a Plus Card that lets you withdraw your online winnings as cash in any of their high street shops. VIP members receive enhanced daily login bonuses and access to exclusive games. For help, support and advice about gambling please contact the National Gambling Helpline phone or online visit services that lets you put controls in place to help restrict your online gambling activities. If you don’t meet the requirement in time, you forfeit both the bonus and any winnings. Skrill deposits excluded. But the implementation of themes, volatility, bonus rounds, multipliers, and more creates unique slot experiences. Yes, most UK casino sites include free spins in their welcome bonuses or daily promos. Cashback bonuses often mean that you’ll receive a percentage of your potential losses upon your first day of depositing into your account. Bitcoin works too, but it’s the only coin, and there are no e wallets or altcoins. Otherwise, Betway offers players over 2,000 games to choose from, including video slots, crash games, and many specialty titles. Low $25–$50 minimum deposits. Offer Valid: 18/05/2026. If you like the platform, signing up for emails or SMS updates can reveal extra opportunities. Each digital platform sets forth its unique regulations, yet commonly, participants must reach the age of 21 or a minimum of 18 years to engage. Most prevalent is the knock on impact a low deposit has on bonuses. New online casinos tend to be among the best gamification casinos. When it comes to choosing the right place to play, UK players might face a dilemma between GAMSTOP and non GAMSTOP casinos. Free spins are one chance to spin the reels without paying for them. Where available, we cross check with player feedback through FXCheck™—our verification signal based on real player Yes/No reports on whether the bonus worked as advertised. This ensures they adhere to strict standards regarding UK player safety, fairness, and security. Before claiming any UK bonus casino offers, it’s important to understand how terms affect what you can actually withdraw. Call 0808 8020 133 for free 24/7 confidential advice for anyone affected by gambling problems. Due to varying terms and conditions, players should carefully choose a welcome bonus that best suits their preferences and needs.

Best No Deposit Bonus Casinos for 2026

Payment speed: Instant to 5 days. Bank transfers and debit cards are staples, but I want to ensure that newer methods are available too, such as e wallets or Apple Pay casinos. Org Please play responsibly ad. Tip 1: Opt for Licensed Sites. With oversize links and wall to wall game thumbnails, it’s easy quickspin to find your way around and to find the games you want to play. Plus, 150% Welcome Bonus up to $2500. We look at every aspect of the bonus to make sure that it passes our thorough tests and investigations before we recommend it to our players. Player reviews raise concerns about limited bonuses, and experts question a lack of licensing with proper authorities. It’s the perfect «try before you buy» option. 200 free spins when you when you play £10. UK players have the choice of wagering real money or trying out free games, often within the same online casino. From the high street giants like Ladbrokes and William Hill to digital first favourites like The Vic and Betway, here is your ultimate guide to the best casino apps in the UK right now. Getting a no deposit bonus is a simple process if you follow these instructions. Plus bonuses, free spins, and other stuff that actually matter. Players at the newest online casinos keep coming back to the most popular games—and there’s a good reason for it. The Paddy Power Games promo code to claim this offer is PGCTV1. Some gambling websites only require you to enter a valid email address when claiming your free no deposit bonus. Videoslots sister sites. Game Variety: Opt for casinos with diverse libraries, including slots, live dealer games, and sports betting, from top providers like NetEnt or Evolution Gaming.

Real Money Online Casinos, Tried and Tested

Once you confirm the amount you want to deposit, simply enter your phone number, authorize the payment by SMS, and that’s it – your casino account is credited. Sam Alberti has recently joined ValueWalk’s team of content editors, bringing with him four years of experience as a journalist and content writers across various. Loyalty is often rewarded automatically at non GamStop casinos, without needing to opt in. 100 Free Spins on Big Bass Splash credited automatically. The best online casino reviews provide you with all the details you know so that you can join a UK casino site. Also, our experts list free spins online casinos only after trying and testing their games, bonuses, and offers. It helps that they are with some of the highest rated sites running in the industry today, and they really know how to give you a great promotional value while you shoot for some serious payouts. Today, most reputable crypto casinos support a wide range of coins, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana and stablecoins. Finally, the newest online casinos and no deposit bonus sites usually partner with leading providers and release the latest version of their platform tech. New casino players only. Wager £10 on Big Bass slots to qualify. Player comments across forums often highlight the positive vibes from swift transactions and helpful support. Slots, table games, live dealer options, and sportsbook markets provide diverse gameplay. Casiku offers 3,000+ slots, from classic titles to the latest releases. Most of these offers come with strict limits or wagering rules that make cashing out nearly impossible. Find out what constitutes our online casino criteria below. 100%/£100 + 100 bonus spins. They require players to wager their bonus amount a certain number of times before they can withdraw it as cash. Casumo does everything you want a UK casino site to do. Opt in and Bet £20+ on any slot, 100 Free Spins on Big Bass Splash, £0. There is no five step structure here, just one clear first deposit boost. Wilds stand in for symbols to complete lines; scatters typically unlock free spins or side features. Navigation is simple: clear categories, quick filters, and short game summaries. New registering players only. For example, a 200% deposit match may be limited to $1,000. A minimum/maximum amount may be specified. Top online casinos in the UK offer 24/7 customer support to address player queries at any time.

Top Tips for Play at Top Online Casino Sites

BitStarz is a veteran crypto casino famous for near instant payouts and polished promos. OJO’s Rewards and Game Play policy applies. No filler, just proven hits: Gates of Olympus, Sugar Rush 1000, Zeus vs Hades, Book of Dead, Le Bandit. Similarly Duelz has 3,000+ titles from NetEnt, Play’n GO, and Pragmatic Play with an average RTP of 97%. In conclusion, the combination of speed, privacy, security, and cost effectiveness positions crypto casinos as a superior choice for the modern gambler. Non Gamstop casinos, on the other hand, usually support extra options like crypto, prepaid cards, and international wallets. Voltage Bet – Amazing new gen design. A good example is Grosvenor’s bonus of 100%/£20 presented below. The convenience factor makes digital gaming more popular than ever before. Casinos that provide fast withdrawals strive to ensure that users are very comfortable, and this extends to the quality of customer support available. Stake £10, Get 200 Free Spins. Every crypto casino attaches terms to its offers, and knowing them upfront can save you from nasty surprises when it’s time to cash out. The main reason to opt for a bank transfer is the high limits. It’s important for new players to read the terms and conditions of these bonuses to understand how they work. Betfred Casino Review. Switching between 2 3 optimal games prevents boredom while maintaining mathematical advantages throughout your wagering completion. On the other hand, deposit offers can still have wagering requirements, but may have fewer withdrawal restrictions. Your free spins should load when the game opens. Top rated sites like Spin Casino, Red Casino, and Hyper Casino stand out for their extensive game selections, generous bonuses, and robust security measures. When we compare online casinos, we ensure that every single one has a licence with the UK Gambling Commission. However, we’re sure you all have a bank card that can be used to make deposits on the Star Sports UK platform. It’s only for serious disputes that the process becomes different, which is why starting with the best casino not on GamStop is the best protection. If you want the most withdrawal friendly no deposit bonus, that is your best pick right now. Video poker is hugely popular at land based casinos, but it can be a little difficult to find at online casinos. This offer is available for new, existing, and ex players. Both we and they are obliged to handle your information in accordance with data protection law, and we are also required to put in place contractual measures reinforcing those obligations. Must sign up via this offer link only. As well as game variety, we look for regular new slot releases, well known providers, access to the biggest jackpots and frequent free spin promotions. Welcome bonuses usually differ only in the size and number of additional free spins. Technological advancements have been the driving force behind the evolution of live casinos, transforming simple digital games into immersive, real time experiences.

Online Casino Games from Trusted Providers

The bonus stays active for 10 days, and after that, you will lose it if you don’t finish the rules in time. E wallets: PayPal, Neteller, Skrill and Paysafecard offer instant deposits, like debit cards, but are often far quicker when it comes to making withdraws. Additional TandCs apply. Independently comparing casino and bingo bonuses since 2013. We test each option ourselves to see how quickly funds appear after deposits or withdrawals. The best blackjack strategy is the basic one. Don’t use offensive language or make inappropriate comments. Offering secure and reliable payments, many of our casino site partners have Skrill as an option. Bonus terms apply and may change; see the casino’s full TandCs. Although we have an excellent understanding of the established UK casinos, we know that casino players also like to play at new online casinos. It’s like having your own personal casino concierge, serving up the games you actually want to play. The Club by BetMGM is invitation only and offers dedicated account managers, personalised bonuses, exclusive live casino tables, and real world event invites. Why we choose ReelsRoyale: It brings instant access to premium NetEnt slots and slick design. But there’s a lot more to it for players than just a legal requirement for the casinos. Plus catch the Lucky Star on 1st deposit to win up to 500 more free spins on Starburst. This means you’ll play nearly twice as many hands per hour, perfect for players who want more action and faster results. To make the cut, a bonus needs clear terms, fair rollover, responsive support, and real payout potential. Massive Welcome Bonuses. This gives PlayOJO a unique, can’t miss edge to its online casino experience. Pub Casino is currently offering an excellent welcome promotion and many casino tournaments for users to enjoy. They began creating live casino content a few years after other studios, meaning growth and market penetration in the live sector was slow. For example, if you receive a $50 bonus with a 40x wagering requirement, you would need to place wagers totaling $2,000 before any winnings from the bonus can be withdrawn. You can keep what you win and withdraw winnings as cash. Please note that full TandCs apply. This substantial starting boost lets you explore real money tables and slots with a reinforced bankroll. What is a casino bonus. While you can get a bonus any day of the week, finding one that is for live casinos is more difficult.

Game and Payment Restrictions

The site design is refreshingly simple, making navigation a breeze on both desktop and mobile. There are several reasons why a user might opt for Coral Casino rather than many of the other best casino sites in the UK. This is European Roulette with a twist. Online slots are very popular at real money casinos. Coral Casino Offer Pros. Every reel feels like a stroll along the Nile – with plenty happening along the way. When you go to a casino via our site and play there, we receive compensation. This new online casino offers over 2,000 games from NetEnt, Play’n GO, Pragmatic Play, and other premium providers. CrazyGames is a free browser gaming platform founded in 2014 by Raf Mertens. Org Please play responsibly ad TandC’s Apply. The most important criterion we look for in the leading UK online casinos is safety measures. 225% + 225 FS up to £11,500. Only when a new UK online casino hits these points do we start looking at the details: lobby layout, search tools, support quality and how the bonus behaves in real play. This UK casino offer gives you either bonus credits, or free spins for slots without requiring a deposit. Insights, breakdowns, and strategies. We made 30 deposits totaling £4,000 and tested 300+ games. It’s essential to pay attention to this detail, as failing to input the correct code means the bonus cannot be redeemed. The United Kingdom Gambling Commission is the regulator that oversees all gambling activities in the UK.

Most commented casinos

PayPal is a widely accepted payment method at many online casinos UK, providing users with a reliable option for transactions. Winnings can be withdrawn or used to place additional wagers. BetVictor breaks down the welcome package into other categories. A broad selection matters because players want both choice and innovation, from familiar classics to the latest releases featuring cutting edge mechanics and themes. Actually, yes we are. Com, we don’t just recommend the best — we expose the worst. The absence of intermediaries in blockchain transactions also often translates to. Paddy’s Wonder Wheel will give you a daily free spin and there are new games on offer all the time. Most no deposit bonuses apply to specific games, often new or promotional titles. Wondering what to keep an eye on. There is nothing more frustrating than having to wait for services, so having a fast and trustworthy service as an online casino is crucial if you are serious about keeping hold of your casino players. You can join multiple UK casino sites that offer no wagering promotions and claim the sign up offers available at each one. Make sure the site actually offers the type of games you care about—especially if you prefer jackpots or live dealers.

🎰 Are The Games At UK Online Casino Sites Fair And Legitimate?

Look for a fair balance of: low wagering requirements, a realistic maximum cashout, a decent expiry window, and a slot you actually want to play. By offering the chance to win something without many hurdles, casinos can attract a big number of players and get the initial deposit funds which are often spent on the site as well. Some casinos reward you just for showing up. Welcome Bonus: 100% match bonus up to £100 on 1st deposit. Com Verdict: Collecting a bunch of free spins is just one part of the Mafia Casino bonus. Here, we’ll explore some of the standout new online casinos, including. Online casinos in the UK are very generous when offering free spins. Here’s how each site earned its spot on our top 15 list. You no longer need to travel to a physical casino to enjoy your favorite games. These include PayPal, Skrill, Neteller, Paysafecard, bank transfer and debit cards. In this guide, we review the top Bitcoin casinos in the UK, examining their welcome bonuses, supported cryptocurrencies, game variety, security, and overall credibility to help you find the best options for gambling in the UK. With the right combination of informed site choice, strong personal boundaries and accessible help, you can reduce the risks of online casinos and keep control firmly in your hands. Virtual reality casinos are gaining traction too, especially with advancements from companies like Meta. 500 total with 35x wagering. When we tried it, we did end up winning a little bit of money, so it is possible. Cosmic Spins is a pro when it comes to the hottest slots in the UK. Take the wins, cap the losses, and keep sessions fun — live tables reward patience more than heat. Super Slots is a fresh 2020 era casino built with modern DNA: crypto first banking with 15+ coins, same day cashouts, and instant VIP perks. Be prepared to shop around. As such, whatever you win from this type of promotion is yours to withdraw straight away. Still, the promotion codes below will guarantee you more benefits during registration. Latest mobile slots sites featuring Pragmatic Play, NetEnt, Microgaming, Evolution, or BGaming ranked higher. Fun Casino protects your data by using SSL encryption technology and operates under licenses granted by esteemed regulatory authorities. This page highlights those casinos first, based on real testing and verified payout times. A sloppy website with broken links, slow loading, or confusing navigation is a red flag. Reach out early if gambling starts to affect your mood, money, or relationships. Please ensure you check which games qualify for the tournament before participating. General number of games: 2300. This allows operators to use their own staff while projecting their bricks and mortar brand to live casino game clients. Every important aspect of the casinos has been thoroughly checked by our team of experts and we are certain you will have a great time playing with these 50 free spins bonuses.

Simple, Familiar Banking

You will soon be redirected to the casino’s website. If you are using a fully licenced UK casino site, then everything is above board. 100% up to $1500 + 100 Free Spins. Get / have the best of,. Themes play a crucial role in the appeal of slot games, with themes like fishing or mythology resonating with many players. At least 24 people have already lost their lives in the flames. This is the most straightforward version, following traditional rules. Ever wondered how some punters turn pennies into a few hundred without hitting the jackpot. Games like Family Feud Live from Vegas and Jumanji: The Bonus Level Live feel more like TV game shows than classic casino play. New UKGC rules from January 2026 mean all casino bonuses are capped at a maximum 10x wagering requirement, and cross product promotions are no longer permitted.

Final Take

It’s the social vibe of a casino floor, the excitement of watching every card dealt, and the convenience of playing from wherever you fancy. Live dealer games are the closest you’ll get to the real thing. For short slots online sessions, the variety lets you jump in fast. Well‑known regulators include the UK Gambling Commission UKGC, the Malta Gaming Authority MGA and national or state‑level bodies in other regions. Jackpot City: JackpotCity has a huge selection of games for you to enjoy – over 1,350 to be precise. As a group, this is about as good as it gets in terms of bonuses and all sourced from one of our favourite online bookies. Free spins can come in various formats no deposit, no wager and more, each with its conditions and benefits. These casinos provide you with realistic games that are run by an actual human being in real time. This would be whether you want to play for real money or rather just for the fun of things. Bonus Spins must be used within 10 days. What sets Lottoland apart from many other best casino sites UK players can access is its combination of lottery betting and traditional casino gaming in one platform. Betnero mixes sports and slots in one neat package. Thankfully, our team has thoroughly examined the leading casino websites and researched how to take advantage of the top free spins no deposit bonuses for October 2025. The standard «Gold Tier» offer for UK casinos right now. Go to Bet Goodwin Casino. There are plenty of different bets to choose from. Check back soon to stay updated with the latest promos. Wanted Dead Or A Wild. Social Gaming Elements: New platforms emphasize community features including. It’s worth noting that a casino promotion can contain multiple elements from this list. For an even more tailored experience, the best bonus casinos are increasingly providing dedicated mobile apps. That means quick KYC checks, a short run of spins on a featured title, and very clear tracking of how much you’ve wagered. Players are still able to bypass the blockers on most non gamstop casinos. Now that you have created your top online casino account, the next step is to claim the lucrative welcome offer to kick start your casino experience. Neosurf is also a prepaid card that works in a very similar way. The style of the bonus is usually ‘Deposit X and Get X’, where you have to deposit a minimum amount of your own cash to acquire a bonus.

Upcoming Games

The exclusive Age of the Gods Roulette adds a special bonus bet and jackpot to the traditional game, similar to the Live Reel Roulette mentioned above. Though most payout delays can be avoided, they do sometimes happen. It’s an excellent all rounder that integrates world class sports betting with a massive casino library. Look for sites that also offer no wagering free spins, instant withdrawals via Trustly or bank transfer, and a game library of at least 500 titles from established providers. Ewallet deposits are often excluded from welcome offers. The maximum cashout is based on winnings from the free spins. Some game studios like NetEnt and Big Time Gaming resisted the urge to add bonus buys features to their slots for a long time, but we have now started seeing slots from these developers with feature buys as well. New live casino sites masterfully recreate the land based casino mystique that you miss when playing standard RNG games, providing a gambling experience filled with excitement and adrenaline. This means it would not be classified as ‘Free’. The house edge in blackjack can vary but is often lower than in other casino games, and players can use strategies to further reduce it. SpinDog Casino £1000 Bonus and 300 Free Spins. Take a look and see if any of these welcome offers have done enough to get you on board. Our author Chris Wilson is a journalist at The Independent who has expertise in betting and gaming. The site holds licences from both the UK Gambling Commission and the Malta Gaming Authority, which means it must meet strict regulatory standards around player protection, fair play, and responsible gambling. 7 ★ Android BetVictor is famous for its slick, intuitive design. These platforms cater to gamblers looking for broader game selections, higher stakes, and unrestricted gameplay without compromising on security or entertainment. Top online casinos in the UK offer a thrilling experience to play games. WR 10x free spin winnings amount only Slots count within 30 days. After looking at our list of the best no deposit bonuses at UK casinos, you may wonder: «Why are these particular bonuses the best. Here we look at the top names, and also explore whether some of the so called lesser players can hold their own. 1%, it offers frequent small wins and the occasional huge jackpot—perfect for players chasing consistent excitement.

Game Providers 20

Wagering contributions. By following this advice, you’ll be able to get the most bang for your buck, extend your playing time and stay safe when paying the latest slots online. That’s why we have made individual pages for most of the markets you might be interested in. Non GamStop casinos are not part of this scheme, providing a legal way to play if you are registered. The first thing to do is check whether a potential casino is licensed and operating legally in your country. The platform is licensed by the Government of Anjouan, Union of Comoros, which makes it an offshore site not connected to the UK Gambling Commission. Side by side trials of online casino slots that pay real money confirm bet ranges, bonus triggers, and volatility before spending. We hope this guide has provided you with valuable insights and helped you make informed decisions. Online casino bonuses like these can take many forms, including casino no wagering free spins, or cash. You’ve got 70+ live dealer tables, trendy picks like Plinko and crash games, and a strong lineup of blackjack, roulette, and poker variants, all running smoothly on mobile. During this exclusive promo, you can play any slot game, but Genting Casino recommends bangers like Sweet Bonanza, Fluffy Favourites, and Fishin Frenzy. For instant help with your gambling habits, try one of the following. Min Deposit £10 excl. Craps online UK has a full guide to bets and table etiquette. Yes, licensed UK online casinos pay real money winnings. Rialto Casino bonus code offer. Customers can play a wide range of slot games and for every 200 spins they use, they will get the opportunity to Spin and Win. As you may have noticed from the types of no deposit free spins you can get from the online casino, these free spins aren’t actually free. Its welcome offer of 50 free spins pays all winnings in real cash—no hidden catches. 18+ Play Responsibly TandCs Apply Licence: 38905. Safety and fairness are non negotiable when it comes to online gambling.

Claim Your Spin Palace Casino Bonus: 100 Spins + NZ$100 Bonus

Money management tips. The best way to protect yourself is to stick with verified UK gambling sites, carefully read the bonus terms, and ensure the withdrawal process is fair. NOTE: Not all the no deposit bonuses can be claimed using a bonus codes. Welcome bonuses are simply standard sign up bonuses for new players. They also have an extensive range of Live Game Shows, with games like Football Card Showdown Live adding an extra edge to live casino gaming, whilst simultaneously providing a nod to BOYLE’s origins as a sports bookie. An exclusive promo that will run at this British style casino till May 31, 2025. Select prizes of 5, 10, 20 or 50 Free Spins; 10 selections available within 20 days, 24 hours between each selection. While sites labelled as online casino without id offer hassle free entry, users should remain aware of any verification workarounds tied to unusually large sums or high risk jurisdictions. The candy filled reels and upbeat design make it instantly cheerful. Debit cards like Visa and Mastercard are also widely used too. Reduces bounce from users who are game curious but unsure where to start. You can always find more information on out main website GamblingGuide. Yes, where it’s legal. With the growing popularity of UK online casinos, several types of casinos that you can meet have gradually emerged. BetMGM is the leading UK casino for live dealer casino games, offering an immersive and interactive online casino experience. It’s a medium to high volatility slot game played on a 5×3 grid with 25 paylines and an above average minimum spin of 25p. Our affiliate partnerships do not influence our evaluations; we remain impartial and honest in our recommendations and reviews so you can play responsibly and well informed. It’s the perfect «try before you buy» option. She is also the author of the eBook «Biggest Innovations in the iGaming Industry Since 2000,» published on Amazon, which explores the key technological breakthroughs that shaped modern online gambling. They offer professional dealers, high quality video streams, and a huge variety of games. To withdraw quickly at PlayOJO. 100% match up deposit bonus up to $1 724. Org and is considered the go to gaming specialist across several markets, including the USA, Canada and New Zealand. Casinos are increasingly pairing free spins with cashback offers to reduce risk for players. To make your life easier, we’ve gathered our favorite free online slots across different types below. Our database tracks 490 game developers, from industry pioneers to emerging boutique studios. 40x wagering requirements with a $100 maximum cashout. 32Red’s lucrative 150% deposit match welcome offer is certainly worth checking out, but once that’s dried up there are plenty of opportunities to pick up further bonuses. No, as long as a slot is certified and produced by a UKGC licensed developer, there is no need to worry. All British Casino is certainly not shy regarding potentially rewarding new and existing players.

Related posts

» Our panel of experts dug deep and tested over 30 of the best Bitcoin casinos in the UK to narrow down the list. Overall Experience: User friendly layouts, responsive support, and strong mobile performance all contributed to higher rankings. The combination of exclusive live casino games and the potential for huge jackpots makes BetMGM the best online casino for live dealer games in 2026. A casino is considered safe if it is run by a company with no history of abuse, and it is licenced by Isle of Man, Alderney and Gibraltar Gaming Commissions, or the UK Gambling Commission. In our experience, no deposit bonuses are often exclusively available when you join as a new player. The latter significantly increases the total playthrough. Go to the checkout and exchange cash or credit card for tokens. The main reason is to attract new players who aren’t card sharks or otherwise experienced players. 100 spins includes 3 deposits. Real world experience with actual outcomes. Advertise on PlayStation Universe.

Betway Casino UK Welcome Offer 2025: Is the £10 Free Bet Worth It?

Help Cinderella make it to the ball on time, and earn a kiss from the frog prince, as you spin your way through the world of fairytales in these fantastic free slots. If a casino has only recently become available in a particular country or received a new gambling licence, our experts still consider these casinos and add them to our directory once they have done their testing. We partner with over 70 sporting experts from diverse backgrounds to guarantee the precision and trustworthiness of our content. Subscription is successful, please check your email to confirm. Other payment methods include PayPal, online bank transfer, and Skrill. 1, Max Free Spins:10. Games available at the online casino include Survivor MegaWays, Tutan’s Treasure, Slingo Deal Or No Deal, Berryburst, Moon Princess, The Sword And The Grail, Forbidden Throne, Gorilla Kingdom, and more. You can benefit from the experiences of others.